What Is Telematics?

TELEMATICS is a method of monitoring an asset (car, truck, heavy equipment, or even ship) by using GPS and onboard diagnostics to record movements on a computerized map. Learn the answer to “What is telematics?” and read how it’s used in this blog post.
 

What Is Telematics? Technical Overview

Imagine a highly intelligent computer in your vehicle that is able to report on nearly every detail — from speed and idling, to fuel use, low tire pressure, and more. This information can mean saving on maintenance costs by better monitoring vehicles or improving fuel efficiency by learning more about driving habits. All of this describes the universe of telematics, also known as GPS fleet tracking.
To track assets, information from the vehicle is recorded via a small, telematics device — also called a black box —  that plugs into the OBD II or CAN-BUS port. A SIM card and modem in the device enables communication on the cellular network.
There are several key components of a telematics device:

• GPS receiver
• Engine interface
• Input/output interface (expander port)
• SIM card
• Accelerometer
• Buzzer

In addition to the hardware, the algorithm used for GPS logging is another critical factor because it impacts the quality and accuracy of the data. Read more about curve logging here.
See Also: Telematics Glossary: 60+ Terms to Know

How Telematics Works

Data collected by the telematics device, like the GPS position and speed of the vehicle, and the g-force measured by the built-in accelerometer, are sent in a packaged format to a data center. The data then gets decoded.
A vast amount of data can be collected via the telematics device and other connected hardware or sensors, such as position, speed, trip distance/time, idling, harsh braking and driving, seat belt, fuel consumption, vehicle faults, battery voltage, and other engine data.
In the case of Geotab, this information is stored in the cloud and brought into a fleet management software system, accessible from a desktop computer or a mobile device like a smartphone or tablet. Using the software, users are able to view and export reports and gain business intelligence such as the top 10 drivers with the highest number of speeding incidents or vehicles that are due for scheduled maintenance.

Telematics data is sent from the vehicle to a fleet management software portal.

Open Platform Telematics

As technology has evolved, telematics has moved from a closed system to open platform. An open platform telematics system is capable of integrating with other types of hardware accessories, software, and mobile apps to provide added insight into business operations.
The variety of applications for telematics includes integrations with dispatching and mobile forms, to driver cameras, salt and sand spreader trackers, weather alerts, and electronic logging (ELDs) for recording Hours of Service in trucking. See the infographic below for an overview of how businesses use telematics.

Click to view image larger.
The growing number of use applications has led to the increased adoption of commercial telematics as reported by Market Research Reports Search Engine, which values the global commercial telematics market at over $14 billion (2016).

The Origins of Telematics

The term “telematics” comes from a blend of telecommunication and informatics sciences. These two sciences formally merged back in the 1960s, when the U.S. Department of Defense developed GPS systems to track U.S. asset movements and improve communication on the battlefield. Telematics consists of three interdependent breakthroughs of modern technology from this research and development: Internet, GPS, and machine-to-machine communication (M2M).
Combining telecommunications and information processing, telematics was later used to refer to automation in vehicles. Wireless safety communications, GPS navigation, integrated hands-free cell phones, and automatic driving assistance systems are all components covered by vehicle telematics.

The Benefits of Telematics

Any type of small business to large corporation, nonprofit organization and government agency operating vehicles or other assets can benefit from telematics.
Industries using telematics and fleet tracking technology (sample list):

• Courier and delivery companies
• Field sales and other services such as HVAC, plumbing, etc.
• Towing companies
• Trucking and transportation logistics
• Construction businesses
• Food and beverage companies
• Transit fleets, such as motor coach, public transit, taxi, and paratransit
• Oil, gas, and mining industries
• Utilities
• Police and emergency organizations,
• Other public agencies
• Landscaping businesses
• Waste management fleets

Learn more about these specific applications for telematics on our fleet management solutions page.

Telematics in Fleet Management

Telematics has become a crucial technology for fleet management. Telematics supports these five core areas:

1. Productivity and improved customer service by using real-time GPS tracking, trip reporting, and dispatching and routing tools (read a productivity success story here)
2. Safety with the availability of in-vehicle driver coaching, risk and driver behavior reporting, accident notifications and reconstruction, and the ability to locate a stolen vehicle (read a safety success story here)
3. Optimization of vehicle maintenance with predictive maintenance abilities and remote diagnostics, and optimization of fuel management by tracking idling and other fuel-guzzling habits (read an optimization success story here)
4. Compliance with solutions for electronic logging and Hours of Service, IFTA reporting, and vehicle inspections (read a compliance success story here)
5. Integration of other software systems such as onboard camera technology or CRM software (read an optimization success story here)

Insurance telematics is also gaining in popularity, in which the safety data is shared with a fleet’s insurance company with the goal of lowering premiums, if they can prove safe driving habits. Essentially, telematics can help insurance companies better pinpoint levels of risk. (While not all insurance agencies are offering this telematics-based insurance, it’s worth discussing with your provider if you’re not self-insured.)
Also gaining in popularity is the ability to increase vehicle security by integrating identification sensors into vehicles. This allows fleets to authenticate a driver’s identity before they can start the vehicle.

The Future of Telematics and Fleet Tracking

The future of telematics is likely to achieve the unimaginable. Whether driving your personal vehicle or managing a fleet, constant communication with nearby vehicles is already achievable through telematics.
Exciting areas of innovation related to telematics include:

• Big Data
• Traffic Prediction
• Performance Benchmarking
• Urban analytics for smart cities

GPS tracking systems will continue to become better integrated with other operational systems and will continue to improve while M2M technology expands. The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), making technology possible for smart homes and smart communities, are great examples of the rapid evolution happening in this space.
Author: Craig Michael, RMA Production Assistant – Geotab Inc
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